Sacred Texts, Major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sacrosanct Texts, Major - Essay Example Habel, O'Donoghue, Maddox (1993) state that sacrosanct writings of Islam incorporate the Holy Quran where it holds higher than the essential significance in Islam. The second most significant sacrosanct content in Islam is Hadith. Quran holds the most noteworthy significance as it is immovably accepted that Holy Quran is the expression of God and these were the words really uncovered on the last Prophet. Muslim all around the globe accept the Holy Quran as the most hallowed expression of God. Hadith is holy content that holds a significance optional to the Holy Quran. Hadith isn't only one book in certainty this is the aggregation of numerous books speaking to the maxims of the Last Prophet just as the platitudes of the caliphs in that period including numerous different devotees to Last prophet. Gordon (2002) says that the word Quran in the strict sense signifies To discuss when the word is paid special mind to implications in Arabic language. The word present is the principal order that was conveyed to the Lat Prophet by blessed messenger Gabriel. Recitation is the reality emphatically connected with the Holy Quran. The Holy Quran not just holds a most elevated expert in all the strict issues for all the Muslims around the globe yet Holy Quran has additionally been holding the main goal for conference in every legitimate issue. All Muslims accept immovably that Holy Quran is a finished guide forever which not just has the strict issues and issues agreed in one book yet additionally the approaches to pas life are likewise present inside the most hallowed book. Habel, O'Donoghue, Maddox (1993) talks about that it is fearlessly held by all Muslims that Holy Quran is a composed expression of God which is immaculate in this way with no mistakes being flawless in each sense. It is held that the Holy Quran is an impeccable record of the considerable number of disclosures that had been made by blessed messenger Gabriel to the last Prophet. The timetable that has been portrayed in messages for these disclosure ranges from 610 A.D till 632 A.D. It is said that the length of Quran is roughly equivalent to Christian New Testament having 114 Surahs. The game plan of these Surahs is from longest Surah to the most limited Surah. Surahs have been delegated Meccan or Medinan and this relies upon the Surah's beginning. Message in the Quran is spread by methods for some abstract systems and scholarly gadgets. There is Arabic content in Holy Quran which is made out of topical structures that make the peruser review the message. As the content of Holy Quran is viewed as impeccable such huge numbers of researchers respect the Holy content to be the measures to show Arabic language. The scholarly perusers accept that Quran has the most rhymed succession of Arabic language. Also the sections of the Holy Quran reflect unequivocal quality, closeness along these lines asking the peruser a similar inquiry with regards to what will be of an incentive after this life. Capacities in network Gordon (2002) says that the Muslim people group sees the Holy Quran as the expression of God and subsequently it is the main solid word to follow to make the dealings throughout everyday life. Muslims accept that the consecrated word has the answer for each issue in life along these lines recitation of the Holy Quran can prompt arrangements. All the social and the lawful issues are viewed as comprehended by counseling the Holy Quran. Noteworthy highlights of Muslim convention Here in this

Dividend Policy at Fpl Group, Inc. Essay Example

Profit Policy at Fpl Group, Inc. Paper Issue Kate Stark, the electric utilities expert at First Equity Securities Corporation was confronted with a choice including FPL Group on May 5, 1994. Three weeks sooner, she had esteemed FPL with a â€Å"hold† suggestion because of the conviction that FPL would either keep its profit payout at $2. 48 or increment it marginally. Today in any case, she saw a report from Merrill Lynch expressing that they were downsizing FPL stock due to management’s worry that the profit payout was too high given the expanding dangers confronting the business. This report made Stark rethink his past â€Å"hold† rating and she addressed on the off chance that she would need to give a refreshed report. Our concern was to decide whether FPL is probably going to change their present profit strategy and how such a profit arrangement change would influence investors. From that investigation, we are to choose how Kate Stark ought to prompt financial specialists as to FPL stock. The Electric Utility Industry Evaluation The electric utilities industry comprises of three phases: the age, transmission, and circulation of power. Previously, states had government offices that controlled the costs and returns of service organizations. Because of a few government Acts, the electric utilities industry got one with countless undiversified, intrastate organizations working under high bureaucratic and state government guidelines. During the 1970’s and 1980’s, there started an ascent of deregulation in numerous restraining infrastructure administration enterprises, including the electric utility industry. By 1978, administrative changes had begun to separate electric utilities establishments as rivalry was acquainted with the age and transmission states. We will compose a custom article test on Dividend Policy at Fpl Group, Inc. explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Dividend Policy at Fpl Group, Inc. explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Dividend Policy at Fpl Group, Inc. explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Deregulation of dissemination, the last fragment of the business, was additionally beginning at the beginning of 1994. The territory of California had proposed the expansion of rivalry to the dispersion of power when the California Public Utilities commission discharged a proposition to stage in retail wheeling start in 1996. The expansion of retail wheeling permits clients to buy power from different utilities than the neighborhood restraining infrastructures. After some time, all clients would be given the choice to pick their power provider from a scope of serious offers. The week after this proposition, the three biggest utilities in California lost a consolidated $1. 8 billion of market esteem, a normal 8% misfortune each. The ongoing deregulation and reshaping of the whole business has constrained FPL to think about the effect. In spite of the fact that Florida isn't thinking about retail wheeling as of this point, utility commissions in 23 states are thinking about such recommendations and the impact is required to domino to the remainder of the nation, including Florida, sooner rather than later. At the point when retail wheeling gets approved in Florida, FPL will increase numerous potential contenders that beforehand didn’t gracefully toward the South/East Florida territory. Florida has 4 significant financial specialist claimed utilities, 20 city and provincial agreeable creating frameworks, 19 autonomous force makers, and a few huge speculator possessed utilities of neighboring states that would all vie for clients in Florida. FPL should be worried of comparative ramifications as those that happened in California. It is normal that deregulation will diminish piece of the pie and along these lines lessen benefits since FPL will no longer pick up the advantage of being a restraining infrastructure. FPL needs to verify that they will have the option to deal with rivalry from both in state just as out of state utilities. Therefore, it is conceivable that FPL may need to hold a bigger measure of profit than past years so as to plan for the section of rivalry into the business. Cutting profits would furnish FPL with a fundamentally bigger measure of held income with which to change in accordance with the future business challenges. Keeping up the high payout proportion may not be in FPL’s wellbeing if the difficulties of reshaping the business by retail wheeling are established in Florida. FPL Company Background FPL Group is the biggest electric service organization in Florida and the fourth biggest in the nation. As the number of inhabitants in Florida developed, FPL started to encounter development as an organization also. FPL kept on encountering development through 1970 when the increasing expense of fuel, working issues, and development cost invades started to diminish gainfulness. While trying to expand benefit and development, FPL enhanced itself by four significant acquisitions. While trying to all the more likely improve working issues, FPL began a quality control program utilizing 1,700 groups to inspect each zone of the organization for approaches to improve tasks. The executives was fruitful in mproving the tasks of FPL as booked personal time diminished by 12% and client grumblings fell by 60%. By 1989, FPL was named as a standout amongst other oversaw U. S. companies and given the Deming Prize for quality. In spite of this improvement, FPL still experienced issues with security concerns, developing interest which could before long surpass limit, and low representative resolve all because of concentrating too exceptionally on the quality improvement program. James Broadhead, who succeeded Marshall McDonald after his retirement in 1989, began rebuilding the business and activities of FPL. Broadhead’s long haul vital arrangement was available to deregulation and full rivalry. He directed a natural output that closed FPL would need to have a guarantee to quality and client care, increment its attention on the utilities business, extend limit, and improve cost position. Broadhead downsized the quality program and sold a few of their non-utility organizations, as these zones were occupying an excessive amount of time and exertion of the board, with the goal that they could now concentrate on the center utility business. As a reaction to the normal increment popular, FPL planned $6. billion dollars throughout the following 5 years for extension. This included tasks, for example, assembling new transmission lines, repairing the most established creating plant, improving the proficiency all things considered, and purchasing out a coal consuming plant. By 1994, proficiency of tasks and accessibility of assets had improved definitely. Broadhead additionally straightened the association, diminished representatives, and refreshed the spending plan all together improve benefit by reducing expenses from 1. 82? to 1. 61? per kWh. By the start of 1994, Broadhead’s rebuilding was resembling a triumph. 993 had been a record year for FPL and 1994 was relied upon to be far better because of diminishing costs (33% throughout the following five years) and expanding deals of 3. 4% every year, which surpassed the business normal of 2%. Monetary Health of FPL When Broadhead assumed McDonald’s position as CEO of FPL in 1989 he made a ton of changes in FPL’s long haul plan. He sold a significant number of FPL’s unfruitful auxiliaries and expanded FPL’s ability to satisfy the normal development popular. The impacts of these progressions in FPL are evident in the proportion examination. We will contrast FPL’s proportions with the money related proportions of Oklahoma GE (OGE), another electric organization. Liquidity Ratios The present proportion was utilized to watch the progressions in FPL’s liquidity from 1989 to 1993 (page A-1). The present proportion began solid in 1989 and 1990, anyway it diminished significantly in 1991, the year Broadhead sold some of FPL’s unrewarding auxiliaries. This is because of the way that while its present resources diminished, FPL’s current liabilities expanded by a more prominent edge because of a 697% expansion in current developments of long haul obligation. FPL’s current proportion scarcely outperformed 1 out of 1992 and it confronted a significant diminishing in 1993. FPL’s current proportion is more prominent than OGE’s current proportion in 1991 and 1992, anyway OGE’s current proportion expanded in 1993 outperforming FPL’s current proportion. Obligation Ratios. FPL is financed by a lot of obligation. Its obligation to-value proportion diminished from 2. 1 of every 1989 to 1. 81 of every 1993 (page A-1). The obligation to-add up to resources proportion is additionally gradually diminishing from . 67 out of 1989 to . 64 of every 1993. (page A-2). FPL’s obligation proportions are fundamentally the same as OGE’s. The biggest distinction happens in 1991 with a distinction of . 033, and this distinction could be because of the additional measure of obligation FPL created that year. A snappy examination of these proportions demonstrates that while FPL is financed by a lot of obligation, its obligation is gradually diminishing. It might be, in any case, that FPL’s obligation is diminishing at excessively delayed of a rate to keep its profits high. Inclusion Ratios. A significant issue confronting FPL is its high intrigue cost. The intrigue inclusion proportion shows how well FPL can pay its advantage installments and FPL’s ability to assume new obligation. FPL’s intrigue inclusion proportion from 1989 to 1993 changes from year to year, and the proportion is the most elevated in 1992 at 1. 77 and the most reduced in 1990 at - . 068 (page A-2). This shows it is exceptionally hard for FPL to make intrigue installments and that FPL would not have the option to assume new obligation sooner rather than later. OGE’s intrigue inclusion proportion is more noteworthy than FPL’s intrigue proportion for every one of the three years. This could connote that FPL’s obligation, while comparative in contrast with OGE, could have higher financing costs. FPL’s money related proportions exhibit that FPL has a few issues that it needs to illuminate, the serious issue being premium cost. Besides, while Broadhead’s plans are as long as possible, they are hurti

Hw Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hw - Speech or Presentation Example Register the outcomes from a theory trial of p1=p2 (with a 0.05 essentialness level) and a 95% certainty interim gauge of p1-p2 An examination researched endurance rates for in-medical clinic patients who endured heart failures. Among 58593 patients who had heart failure during the day, 11604 endure and were released. Among 28155patients who had assaults around evening time, 4138 endure and were released. We need to utilize 0.01 hugeness level to test the case that endurance rates are the equivalent for the days and evenings. .In a randomized controlled preliminary in Kenya, bug spray treated bed nets were tried as an approach to decrease intestinal sickness. Among the 343 newborn children utilizing bed nets, 15 created jungle fever. Among 294 babies not utilizing bed nets, 27 created intestinal sickness. (In view of information from maintainability of decreases in jungle fever transmission and newborn child mortality in western Kenya with utilization of bug spray treated bed nets. By Lindblade et al. Diary of the American clinical Association.) We need to utilize a 0.02 importance level to test the case that the frequency of intestinal sickness is lower 9n newborn children utilizing bed nets. The outcomes are measurably huge since they give the data required to factual estimation. In any case, the outcomes are not useful since it is difficult to appraise and improve the

Analysis Of Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad And The...

In the novels Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and The Mystic Masseur by V.S Naipul the structures of gender and class are represented through the effects of imperialism and education. Through the lenses of, The Beginnings of English Literary Study in British India by Gauri Viswanathan and Soft-Soaping Empire by Anne McClintock, readers can relate the importance of imperialism back to the novels. Imperialism is the foundation for which gender and class are constructed. The protagonist, Ganesh Pundit in The Mystic Masseur, begins as a failing teacher. Throughout the novel Ganesh networks with people of different gender, culture, and class. What ties them all together is their level of education. As a Trinidad native, His father insisted on sending Ganesh off to college in Spain where he does not fit in. The students tease him for his rural accent and clothes. Ganesh struggles with finding his place in society; He does not know whether to adopt the British culture or remain in Indian culture. His transformation throughout the novel is caused by his rise in social class. Initially, he is low class until he learned English. Even with this education, Ganesh does not fully embrace the British culture or expectations and remains at a stand still for a large portion of his life. Once he starts meeting the British expectations of Indians, Ganesh starts succeeding. The British have superficial expectations of Indians; Masseurs meet these expectations through their mythical and lowShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness And The The Mystic Masseur 1544 Words   |  7 Pages In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and V.S. Naipaul’s The Mystic Masseur, the concept of modernism is established through two supporting characters, both of which have only brief physical interactions with our protagonists. Kurtz, from Heart of Darkness, and Mr. Stewart, from The Mystic Masseur, both represent the idea of modernism through both their beliefs and their actions, in a time when modernism was finding its footprints and was viewed differently to those foreign to the movement

Double-Acting and Single-Acting Baking Powder

If youre like me, youre lucky to pay enough attention to a recipe to notice whether youre supposed to be using baking powder or baking soda. Both ingredients cause baked goods to rise—but they are not interchangeable (although you can swap them out as long as you know what youre doing). Theres also more than one type of baking powder. Since you can find both single-acting baking powder and double-acting baking powder, youre probably wondering how theyre different and whether or not you should use half as much double-acting baking powder as single-acting baking powder. Whats the Difference? For any recipe that calls for baking powder, you should use exactly same amount of double-acting baking powder as you would single-acting baking powder. The difference between the two types of powder is their chemical composition. One produces the carbon dioxide gas bubbles that make your baked goods rise when the ingredients are mixed, while the other produces them when the product is heated in the oven. Even though theyre different, both types of baking powder produce the same amount of gas, so theyre equally effective as leavening agents. Single-acting baking powder reacts with a water-based ingredient to form bubbles as soon as the ingredients are mixed. If you wait too long to bake your food or over-mix your ingredients the bubbles will escape and your food will fall flat.Double-acting baking powder produces some bubbles when the ingredients are mixed, however, most of the rising occurs once it meets the heat. Double-acting baking powder is more reliable for home baking because it is harder to overbeat the ingredients and your recipe will be less susceptible to failure should you forget to preheat your oven. Because its practically foolproof, this is the type of baking powder most often found in stores. You most often encounter single-acting baking powder in commercial applications. Its also the type of baking powder youd be making if you wanted to try to prepare baking powder yourself.

A Few Good Men By Zimbardo And Milgram - 969 Words

A Few Good Men portrays the importance of military orders, the reality of the ranking system and how much military leader’s authority can cloud their judgement. Former psychology professor at Yale, Stanley Milgram sought the reasoning behind the blindness of individuals when ordered to perform a task for someone who seems to be an authority figure. His infamous experiment was and is currently being dug through and examined thoroughly. Milgram’s research caught the attention of fellow psychologist Philip Zimbardo. Zimbardo conducted an experiment with similar interests in mind. He collected 21 men from newspaper advertisements to live in a false prison and live in the prison for two weeks. The experiment lasted six days due to how quickly the experiment escalated and transformed the â€Å"prisoners† and â€Å"guards† (Zimbardo 116). Their conclusions from both experiments are that power and stress can transform even the strongest willed people. Zimbardo an d Milgram discuss the same sort of entitlement Colonel Jessup presumes to order an illegal code red due to his position on the base at Guantanamo Bay; also the entitlement Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee had over the case due to the position his father once had. In Milgram’s article, he observed a variety of subjects. One of the subjects fully took on his role of administering shocks to the learner (Milgram 84). The subject even stated in his feedback that the â€Å"EXTREMELY PAINFUL† was not enough of a shock for the learner (Milgram 84).Show MoreRelatedThe Perils Of Obedience By Milgram And The Stanford Prison Experiment1207 Words   |  5 Pagesobedience. Two prestigious psychologists, Stanley Milgram and Philip G. Zimbardo, conducted practical obedience experiments with astonishing results. Shocked by the amount of immoral obedience, both doctors wrote articles exploring the reasoning for the test subjects unorthodox manners. In The Perils of Obedience by Milgram and The Stanford Prison Experiment by Zimbardo, the professionals reflect their thoughts in a logical manner. Milgram s experiment consisted of a teacher, learner, andRead MoreSummary Of The Perils Of Obedience Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesexample being in th e movie A Few Good Men, most question why Dawson and Downey carry out the Code Red order and why Colonel Jessup even orders the Code Red in the first place. In 1963 at Yale University, Stanley Milgram, a profound psychologist, conducted an experiment of obedience, which became immensely popular and revealed the power of obedience in today s world. Milgram presented his findings in his article, The Perils of Obedience. Like Milgram, Philip Zimbardo, professor of psychology atRead MoreObedience As the Means to a Peaceful Life Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesextinguish the lives of over 1,000 faithful men, women and children? Or to torture and degrade prisoners without provocation? Why would anyone follow directions to administer electric shocks of increasing strength as punishment for failing a simple memory test? While these scenarios may sound like the newest video games in which one assumes the character of another, people can and do commit violent acts like these in the name o f obedience. Zimbardo, Milgram and Orwell show that obedience is a responseRead MoreAsch s Conformity Experiment And Milgram s Obedience Experiment Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This report will compare two experiments; Asch s conformity experiment and Milgram s obedience experiment. The two experiments will be compared for validity and their ethics. In addition, this report will take into consideration Zimbardo s Stanford Prison experiment and the Lucifer Effect. To analyse how obedience and conformity theories can be used as an example of why good people can turn bad. This report will also look at how obedience and conformity can be applied to the criminalRead MoreComparative Analysis a Few Good Men Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Analysis: A Few Good Men â€Å"You dont need a patch on your arm to have honor.† Lt. Daniel Kaffee, portrayed by Tom Cruise, says at the end of the movie to Lance Cpl. Dawson after the final ruling is read, stating PFC. Downy and Lance Cpl. Dawson are innocent but are dishonorably discharged from the military. A Few Good Men portrays the negative impact on military personally from strict obedience. Lt. Daniel Kaffee, along with Lt. Cdr. JoAnne Galloway and Lt. Sam Weinberg; played byRead MoreThe Milgram Experiment Violates Three Of The Five Principles Of Ethics1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Milgram Experiment violates three of the five principles outlined in the Five General Principles of Ethics. Milgram wanted to see if there was a connection between â€Å"the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience† (McLeod, 2007). Milgram’s hypothesis that he based his experiment on was â€Å"How the German people could permit the extermination of the Jews?† (Dan Chalen or, 2012). The first one that Milgram’s experiment violated was â€Å"Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence† whichRead MoreRachel Zeunik. Mr. Fisher. W131. 4/20/17. Killer Obedience.1161 Words   |  5 Pagesplace the lives of their fellow men and country above all else. It is the most intense example of selflessness and self-sacrifice. This extended commitment to God and country is made possible through codes, vows, and unquestioned obedience. If a lieutenant is given an order, he will follow through with it because the lives of countless depend on his obedience. A soldier’s actions always contribute to the overall action of the military and work towards the greater good. If an order is questioned andRead MoreThe Psychological Impact Of Imprisonment For Two Weeks1487 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"What happens when you put good people in an evil place? Do the people overwhelm the evil or does the evil of the situation overwhelm the good people?† Psyc hologist Philip Zimbardo proves throughout his research that when people are put into certain roles they feel a need to conform to that role. Everyone can harbour an evil side of their personality but it takes a certain environment or circumstance to bring it out. In a prison, will a guard abuse their power? Or will a prisoner have a mental breakdownRead MoreOverview and Significance of Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment1825 Words   |  8 Pagesthat seem alien to their natures? Why do good people sometimes act evil? Who do smart people sometimes do dumb or irrational things? Zimbardo is one of the most significant social psychologist and all his work aims to find the answers to these questions. The purpose of this paper is to go into depth on the previous prison experiment, how it came about, and how the findings play a role in society today. The Life and Times of Zimbardo Philip George Zimbardo was born in New York City on March 23, 1933Read MoreBystander Effect And Crises : Bystander Effects1625 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieved others would take action, which is diffusion of responsibility (DOR). DOR refers to little or no feelings of responsibility due to thinking that others might or should intervene (Darley Latane, 1968). Only hours later did two men intervene to help. The two men were hesitant at first, and Stanton states that seconds absolutely matter. This paper explores BE and personal experiences/observations. Bystander Effect Influenced by the Genovese murder, Latane Darley (1970) focused on the social

Project on Cloud Computing Computer Systems

Question: Discuss about the Project on Cloud Computing for Computer Systems. Answer: 1. Definition of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is concerned with a process related to strong accessing method of data and programs over the internet instead of using conventional computer hard drive (Beloglazov et al. 2012). Cloud is nothing but just a Metaphor for internet. This aspect just brings the user to an era of flowcharts and presentations that would represent a giant server farm infrastructure related to internet (Dinh et al. 2013). Clouds are white puffy structure that accepts the connections and send out the information while floating. Figure 1: cloud computing model (Source: Beloglazov et al. 2012, pp- 760) Cloud computing is not related to the hard drive, when the data is stored or any program is being run on the system then the data and programs are stored in the system hard drive, this is called local storage of computing (Erl et al. 2013). Data accessing techniques become easy and within the range of users. There are mainly three cloud services that are mostly used by medium size business to large size business. These services are explained as follows: SaaS: Software as a service is almost similar as conventional software provision model. In this case the web browser usually provides a point of access to the software running on the servers. SaaS is popular cloud service for mainly consumers (Fernando et al. 2013). All of the customer relationship management applications such as sales force, software security related to productivity are operated very easily through the SaaS. Figure 2: IaaS, SaaS and PaaS (Source: Fernando et al. 2013, pp- 100) PaaS: PaaS is known as Platform as a Service. PaaS application is at a lower level in comparison with SaaS application in the competitive marketplace (Garg et al. 2013). In the contemporary time cloud computing is one of the trending and innovative concepts that minimized the struggle of human being (Herbst et al. 2013). The PaaS application provides platform independent service. This aspect makes the applications more compatible with respect to other cloud platforms. It can be operated on Windows, Linux or any other platforms. PasS is built on top with respect to the virtualization technology. IaaS: IaaS is the Infrastructure as a Service. This application is comprised of highly automated and scalable computer resources (Kliazovich et al. 2012). The provider of IaaS offers service to the cloud servers and their associated resources via API and dashboard. It is the most flexible model among all cloud services. Virtual data server is utilized for developing more effective application (Moreno-Vozmediano et al. 2013). The crucial uses of IaaS are deployment and development of PaaS, SaaS and web-scale applications. Benefits of Cloud Computing There are several benefits of the cloud computing technology, these are discussed as follows: Remote Access: Cloud service provides a remote access to all of the applications implemented by it (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). As the service is platform independent, all the applications provided by cloud services do not depends on the platform and can be remotely accessible. Time Efficient: The innovative and trending version of cloud services offers time efficient characteristics to the applications (Rong et al. 2013). The time efficient quality offers better productivity to the application users. Scaling factor: The cloud services are compatible with large scale and small scale of integration (Sanaei et al. 2014). In case of large scale data storage this service provides the proper storage space for the data so it has become more popular in the industry. 2. SaaS implementation for ABC Payroll The Software as a service provides data codes and definition based on software applications (Wang et al. 2012). The ABC payroll can implement SaaS application to operate their customer data properly. The data operated by ABC Payroll are the data related to payrolls, bookkeeping and payrolls (Xu 2012). The benefits and challenges may be faced by ABC Payroll with the implementation of SaaS application are discussed as follows: Benefits of the utilizations of SaaS provider for ABC Payroll Following are the benefits of SaaS within ABC Payroll. Besides cost effectiveness of the model there are other advantages: Time to deployment: SaaS software solutions can be implemented within just a few weeks rather than a few months (Zissis and Lekkas 2012). The time taken for application development will be reduced by 20 % through applying SaaS model (Beloglazov et al. 2012). The SaaS application can be utilized at any platform with platform independence property, this make it more time efficient. Less internal responsibility: The cloud service providers are responsible to maintain the upgrading system and software utilized for the system (Dinh et al. 2013). This system helps in customizing upgrades. The upgrade makes this system more innovative and attractive in front of the users. Scalable and fixable: Cloud technology is the most effective and flexible technology among all services (Erl et al. 2013). The customer only have to pay for single offering what they have selected for their use. The software becomes fully scalable when the company grows. SaaS offers more flexibility to increase integration of several software interfaces (Fernando et al. 2013). This system increases the sustainability of used applications those are selected by the organization with respect to SaaS. Platform independence makes the application more flexible and integrative in nature compared to other services. Accessibility: Cloud technology is such a technology that can be accessed at any condition and at any place with the help of internet connection (Garg et al. 2013). This aspect provides remote mobile access to the user. Sharing process of data and information becomes easier than ever before (Herbst et al. 2013). A remote and mobile facility provides the applications to be more compatible at critical situations. Resilience: The IT infrastructure and information is stored in CSP data centre. The authority of any organization can access their stored data at the time of any disasters within their organization. Challenges to the use of SaaS provider for ABC Payroll Although there is several numbers of benefits of the SaaS application there are few disadvantages of this application. Security concerns: One of the most effective inhibitors for the cloud services are access management and privacy of sensitive information (Kliazovich et al. 2012). According to the surveys this is fund that these aspects are getting diminished. Encryption and tokenization techniques are making this aspect a less important matter of concern. Compliance: There are many countries those have regulations related to storing of data with authorization or without authorization. Business process need to conform these regulations and should have to implement the SaaS model to get maximum benefits by using these regulations (Moreno-Vozmediano et al. 2013). Encryption and tokenization technique is providing a proper solution to these problems. Performance: A browser based application introduces many challenges while operating the company information remotely through internet (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). There may be some task that may be suited only on the SaaS platform but the security issue makes this information and data unsafe. 3. Difference between the migration and implementation process of IaaS in ABC Payrolls Following discussion is elaborating the difference between implementation and migration of IaaS techniques within ABC Payrolls. There are several aspects that can differentiate these facts. Figure 3: Factors affecting the implementation and migration of IaaS (Source: Rong et al. 2013, pp- 49) Factors Implementation of IaaS form the beginning Migration from current information system to IaaS cloud network Complexity According to those researches that are done on cloud services, it is found that, it is much easy to operate these applications. In this case only the cloud equipments have to be operated so it is less complex. According to those researches that are done on the contemporary applications of cloud services it is found that implementation of cloud services from the beginning of the organizational set up is very tough as the cloud and non- cloud based application both have to be operated and managed. Ability for meeting future demands In case of cloud applications, operation updates and up-gradation make these more effective in order to achieve the goals and objectives of ABC Payrolls. In addition to this the structure meets all the demands of cloud services, so the applications perform well on the competitive platform (Moreno-Vozmediano et al. 2013). Migration of the services mainly takes place so as to build compatible changes to the entire system of ABC Payrolls as the company wants a developed and sustainable system for their future scope (Garg et al. 2013). In addition to this, migration technique involves the changes into the system and structure of cloud that will introduce new facility to the system. Supporting applications There are three supporting applications for the contemporary cloud services: infrastructure as a service, platform as a service and software as a service (IaaS, SaaS and PaaS). Data, platform for application, operation, and structure of platform needs specific supporting applications to develop efficient system for mobile, microcomputers and mainframes. Scalability Scalability is high in this case of conventional data networks. Here the data has to be transferred to the cloud network (Xu 2012). In case of cloud data network, scalability is almost very high but after the transfer of network form conventional one to cloud service platform the scalability of data is reduced (Sanaei et al. 2014). This is only due to migration of networks. Reliability In this case both of the methods cloud and traditional method of ABC Payrolls are used at a time, so reliability is a bit higher than conventional cloud services. Therefore, this system comparatively provides better productivity and meets customer demands properly. In this case the system is not reliable in comparison with other network operators. This is due to security issues introduced into the system of cloud services. Performance Most of the business operations are dependent on cloud services, so that the performance of this system is not good (Zissis and Lekkas 2012). Therefore, cloud services are comparatively dominating the total industrial system. In this case the performance is very high than other services. This aspect happens due to the dependency of network on the cloud services. Suggestion for the best way to be implemented in the ABC Payrolls The study of cloud and non- cloud based system it is found that Migration from current information system to IaaS cloud network, will be beneficial for ABC Payrolls. This aspect introduces mainly three beneficial factors for ABC Payrolls: cost effectiveness of system, utilization of old equipments and involvement of loyal and trustworthy employees. Migration of the systems leads to the utilization of resources and technologies to maintain their goals and objectives. References Beloglazov, A., Abawajy, J. and Buyya, R., 2012. Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for cloud computing.Future generation computer systems,28(5), pp.755-768. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Erl, T., Puttini, R. and Mahmood, Z., 2013.Cloud computing: concepts, technology, architecture. Pearson Education. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(1), pp.84-106. Garg, S.K., Versteeg, S. and Buyya, R., 2013. A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), pp.1012-1023. Herbst, N.R., Kounev, S. and Reussner, R., 2013. Elasticity in cloud computing: What it is, and what it is not. InProceedings of the 10th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 13)(pp. 23-27). Kliazovich, D., Bouvry, P. and Khan, S.U., 2012. GreenCloud: a packet-level simulator of energy-aware cloud computing data centers.The Journal of Supercomputing,62(3), pp.1263-1283. Moreno-Vozmediano, R., Montero, R.S. and Llorente, I.M., 2013. Key challenges in cloud computing: Enabling the future internet of services.IEEE Internet Computing,17(4), pp.18-25. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Rong, C., Nguyen, S.T. and Jaatun, M.G., 2013. Beyond lightning: A survey on security challenges in cloud computing.Computers Electrical Engineering,39(1), pp.47-54. Sanaei, Z., Abolfazli, S., Gani, A. and Buyya, R., 2014. Heterogeneity in mobile cloud computing: taxonomy and open challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), pp.369-392. Wang, C., Wang, Q., Ren, K., Cao, N. and Lou, W., 2012. Toward secure and dependable storage services in cloud computing.IEEE transactions on Services Computing,5(2), pp.220-232. Xu, X., 2012. From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing.Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing,28(1), pp.75-86. Zissis, D. and Lekkas, D., 2012. Addressing cloud computing security issues.Future Generation computer systems,28(3), pp.583-592.

Barriers to Communication Essays

Barriers to Communication Essays Barriers to Communication Essay Barriers to Communication Essay Barriers to Communication and Causes of Communication Failure in Businesses Barriers to communication can occur if the recipient has failed to convey the meaning or / and the importance of the message.  ·Sender breakdown – too much information is being sent, so the recipient misses key points. Also, language can be difficult to understand, as it can be too complex.  ·Method breakdown – when information is very detailed or complicated, then written instructions are better than messages which can be misinterpreted. Recipient breakdown – the recipient deliberately makes a choice to misinterpret the message because of their attitude to either the sender to the message at hand. Other problems with communication could be:  ·Long chain of command.  ·Language complex, and hard to understand.  ·Vague purpose – not detailed enough, more explanation required  ·Inappropriate medium (method used, e. g. written, electronically etc).  ·Red tape – message gets passed on to many different people before finally reaching the recipient making the process too long and the message changing. Also, actions can be delayed as a result of a late arrival of the message.  ·Status of two parties – can be intimidated by the other person’s status because of their gender, age etc.  ·Location – distance of recipient or where message has to reach.  ·Distraction – Communication channels breaking up. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION No matter how good the communication system in an organisation is, unfortunately barriers can and do often occur. This may be caused by a number of factors which can usually be summarised as being due to physical barriers, system design faults or additional barriers. Physical barriers are often due to the nature of the environment. Thus, for example, the natural barrier which exists, if staff are located in different buildings or on different sites. Likewise, poor or outdated equipment, particularly the failure of management to introduce new technology, may also cause problems. Staff shortages are another factor which frequently causes communication difficulties for an organisation. Whilst distractions like background noise, poor lighting or an environment which is too hot or cold can all affect eoples morale and concentration, which in turn interfere with effective communication. System design faults refer to problems with the structures or systems in place in an organisation. Examples might include an organisational structure which is unclear and therefore makes it confusing to know who to communicate with. Other examples could be inefficient or inappropriate information systems, a lack of supervision or training, and a lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities which can lead to staff being uncertain about what is expected of them. Attitudinal barriers come about as a result of problems with staff in an organisation. These may be brought about, for example, by such factors as poor management, lack of consultation with employees, personality conflicts which can result in people delaying or refusing to communicate, the personal attitudes of individual employees which may be due to lack of motivation or dissatisfaction at work, brought about by insufficient training to enable them to carry out particular tasks, or just resistance to change due to entrenched attitudes and ideas. OTHER COMMON BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION INCLUDE: Psychological factors such as peoples state of mind. We all tend to feel happier and more receptive to information when the sun shines. Equally, if someone has personal problems like worries about their health or marriage, then this will probably affect them. Different languages and cultures represent a national barrier which is particularly important for organisations involved in overseas business. Individual linguistic ability is also important. The use of difficult or inappropriate words in communication can prevent people from understanding the message. Poorly explained or misunderstood messages can also result in confusion. We can all think of situations where we have listened to something explained which we just could not grasp. Physiological barriers may result from individuals personal discomfort, caused, for example, by ill health, poor eye sight or hearing difficulties. Presentation of information Here are the 7 top barriers. 1.Physical barriers Physical barriers in the workplace include:  ·marked out territories, empires and fiefdoms into which strangers are not llowed  ·closed office doors, barrier screens, separate areas for people of different status  ·large working areas or working in one unit that is physically separate from others. Research shows that one of the most important factors in building cohesive teams is proximity. As long as people still have a personal space that they can call their own, nearness to others aids communication because it helps us get to know one another. 2. Perceptual barriers The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently. If we didnt, we would have no need to communicate: something like extrasensory perception would take its place. The following anecdote is a reminder of how our thoughts, assumptions and perceptions shape our own realities: A traveller was walking down a road when he met a man from the next town. Excuse me, he said. I am hoping to stay in the next town tonight. Can you tell me what the townspeople are like? Well, said the townsman, how did you find the people in the last town you visited? Oh, they were an irascible bunch. Kept to themselves. Took me for a fool. Over-charged me for what I got. Gave me very poor service. Well, then, said the townsman, youll find them pretty much the same here. 3. Emotional barriers One of the chief barriers to open and free communications is the emotional barrier. It is comprised mainly of fear, mistrust and suspicion. The roots of our emotional mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be careful what we said to others. Mind your Ps and Qs; Dont speak until youre spoken to; Children should be seen and not heard. As a result many people hold back from communicating their thoughts and feelings to others. They feel vulnerable. While some caution may be wise in certain relationships, excessive fear of what others might think of us can stunt our development as effective communicators and our ability to form meaningful relationships. 4. Cultural barriers When we join a group and wish to remain in it, sooner or later we need to adopt the behaviour patterns of the group. These are the behaviours that the group accept as signs of belonging. The group rewards such behaviour through acts of recognition, approval and inclusion. In groups which are happy to accept you, and where you are happy to conform, there is a mutuality of interest and a high level of win-win contact. Where, however, there are barriers to your membership of a group, a high level of game-playing replaces good communication. 5. Language barriers Language that describes what we want to say in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with our expressions, buzz-words and jargon. When we couch our communication in such language, it is a way of excluding others. In a global market place the greatest compliment we can pay another person is to talk in their language. One of the more chilling memories of the Cold War was the threat by the Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev saying to the Americans at the United Nations: We will bury you! This was taken to mean a threat of nuclear annihilation. However, a more accurate reading of Khruschevs words would have been: We will overtake you! meaning economic superiority. It was not just the language, but the fear and suspicion that the West had of the Soviet Union that led to the more alarmist and sinister interpretation. . 6.Gender barriers There are distinct differences between the speech patterns in a man and those in a woman. A woman speaks between 22,000 and 25,000 words a day whereas a man speaks between 7,000 and 10,000. In childhood, girls speak earlier than boys and at the age of three, have a vocabulary twice that of boys. The reason for this lies in the wiring of a mans and womans brains. When a man talks, his speech is located in the left side of the brain but in no specific area. When a woman talks, the speech is located in both hemispheres and in two specific locations. This means that a man talks in a linear, logical and compartmentalised way, features of left-brain thinking; whereas a woman talks more freely mixing logic and emotion, features of both sides of the brain. It also explains why women talk for much longer than men each day. 7 Interpersonal barriers There are six levels at which people can distance themselves from one another: 1. Withdrawal is an absence of interpersonal contact. It is both refusal to be in touch and time alone. 2. Rituals are meaningless, repetitive routines devoid of real contact. 3. Pastimes fill up time with others in social but superficial activities. 4. Working activities are those tasks which follow the rules and procedures of contact but no more. 5. Games are subtle, manipulative interactions which are about winning and losing. They include rackets and stamps. 6. Closeness is the aim of interpersonal contact where there is a high level of honesty and acceptance of yourself and others. Working on improving your communications is a broad-brush activity. You have to change your thoughts, your feelings, and your physical connections. That way, you can break down the barriers that get in your way and start building relationships that really work. The following questions can used to self-debrief your behavior in settings where personal communications are used to build relationships at work, at home, in a church, with a spouse and about any place where two or more gather. These are the common barriers and you may think of others or variations. It is often helpful to do this evaluation in a group and exchange your views to enhance learning about yourself. The value of this is to discover what you may be doing to shut off communications and find ways to improve your behavior. A second way to use these barriers is to just copy the heading and discuss each within a group. The number one barrier to communications is not listening. Different forms of this are at the end of the list. (jump to listening barriers) EXPECTATIONS: Are your expectations of others or organizations a barrier? Do others know your expectations or do you just think they know them? Can you change your expectations or let go of them to be part of a group or a relationship? How would that feel? Did this in any way feel like giving up your self to be what the group wants you to be? This is probably the number one barrier to communications. Expectations are often not expressed to others and it is as if the other is expected to have a crystal ball and know what you expect. RISKING: What is a risk for you? How much do you risk in a communications setting? What keeps you from risking? Is it fear? If so, fear of what? Is it control? Control of what? Yourself or others or the group? Do you wish to risk more? What will it take to risk more? This is probably the top barriers in communicating authentically. Risk in communication often has this silent question: If I risk myself and this is all Ive got, what will happen if I am rejected? Building communications with others authentically takes a degree of risk. AVOIDANCE: What did you do to avoid looking at yourself? Think about this. What was behind the avoidance? Fear of rejection? Fear of loss of control? Were you part of an avoidance project? What did the group do to avoid doing what it needed to do? Did group norms facilitate avoidance? Avoidance frequently is present when a person feels unsafe or is unsure if its safe. Many business meetings start with considerable avoidance and only in the last minutes does the group get to the real subject, and then often try a quick fix. Avoidance can become a habit. FIXING: Did anyone try to fix you? The group? How did that feel? Did you try to fix, heal or convert anyone or the group? Can you fix anyone other than yourself? How aware are you that this is often done, with good intentions and well-meaning but usually not wanted and unaccepted 90+% of the time? What is your level of acceptance of people just as they are? Fixing is often trying to get the other to believe as you do or to do as you have done in a similar situation or to be more like you so you will feel more comfortable. PROJECTS: Most groups are creative in making projects that have something to do with avoidance. Can you name a project in your group? What do pseudo-projects represent in a group? Sometimes projects are things, sometimes people and often its something completely outside the group and the room. Projects can be a way of fooling ourselves and have many of the characteristics of organizing a group and represent avoidance. They can be barriers to communications. Projects are sometimes necessary to help build safety and trust in groups. They can take the form of challenging the norms of a group or the written rules. SCAPEGOATING: Did you feel scapegoated? What did it feel like? Were you part of a scapegoating effort on another person? Scapegoating is often another form of avoidance or blaming or excluding. It may be an attempt to keep focus off of the person doing the scapegoating! It is seen in most family situations and in the workplace and is usually destructive to the personality. PROBING: Did anyone probe you for information? How did that feel? Did it create a barrier for you? If you were probed and did not like it, what kept you from confronting the prober? If you were the prober, why did you probe? Did it have anything to do with keeping the focus off of you? Probing can be avoidance of task or scapegoating if carried too far. SPEAKING IN CODE: If you were part of a subgroup of two or more people, did/do you speak with language that only those in the subgroup can understand? Can you understand how this is a form of exclusivity? This is often done without realizing it in all kinds of groups. It is not polite and keeps understanding low. CONTROL: Did anyone try to control you or what you said? How did it feel? Were you aware at any time that you were trying to control an outcome? If you tried to control, what was the reason? Was it to control what might happen to you? Did you notice others trying control? Most of us believe we have far more control than we actually do. Letting go of control and risking more may result in more love coming into your life. BLAMING: Did anyone blame you for what was or was not happening? How did that feel? Did you blame anyone? What was your motive for the blaming? Did it have to do with trying to make some other person responsible for your behavior? Did you experience blaming in your family of origin? Blaming can become an almost unconscious habit. PLACATING: Did you feel placated by anyone? Did you placate anyone? How does it feel to be placated? CHAOS AVOIDANCE: Do you run from conflict or avoid it in some way instead of trying to go through it? Do you leave a conversation when it gets too hot for you? (either actual or emotionally) How do you react to change? Another word for Chaos is change. People find many ways to avoid talking about change as it usually feels uncomfortable because of the unknown. Chaos can also mean conflict and many will do anything to avoid it. Chaos is one of the most certain things in life and it is well to learn how to embrace it. SILENCE: How comfortable are you with silence? Can you listen to yourself? To your source of spirit? Do you recognize respectful silence? Do you experience a silent time at home? What would it be like if you asked for some silence in your workplace during a meeting? Silence is an unused tool that is very effective in all kinds of ways. Scott Peck says in the Different Drum, Silence is the primary key to emptiness. Also, More than half of Beethovens music is silence. Without the silence there is no music; there is only noise. Most people have little true silence in their lives, yet it provides considerable peacefulness. EXCLUSION: Did you feel excluded at any time? Did you exclude yourself? Did some person say anything that made you feel excluded? Was your feeling of exclusion accurate? Is this something that often happens to you? Did you exclude any person either by avoiding them, or emotionally tuning them out, or by making a judgmental statement? Did you later change the exclusion to inclusion? Think of how people are often excluded and why. It is often done as an unconscious act that may have been learned in the family or work place. BOUNDARY OR BARRIER: A boundary is often created for protection and should only be changed with considerable thought. A boundary rule is one you have originated that defines what is good or bad for you. A boundry may be a barrier to communication depending on what it is. Are you aware of any boundary you have that is a barrier to meaningful communications? Are you aware of any boundary that you want to change? How will you do that and how will you know if it is safe to change? Boundaries are accumulated during life for protection and become a learned method of existing. Boundaries need to be changed slowly and may be replaced with another boundary that offers more freedom until it becomes safe to take the next step. Some people have few or almost no boundries and this often gets them into trouble. An example of this is a person that regulary offers far more information that is asked for by people they talk to. This becomes a turnoff to others and may result in other avoiding you. LISTENING: How well do you listen to what people say? Do you hear what is not said with words, but with emotions or body language? How about listening to what is not said? How can you listen with your whole being, body, mind, spirit and heart? There are many sub-barriers that come under Listening. Below are some. Automatic Talking: Listening just long enough to find a word that you know something about. Then shut off the rest of what is being said, particularly the emotional content. Then start talking about the word you know something about. This blocks real communications by not hearing the total content. This is the most used form of blocking true communication. For more on this, see Automatic Talking Exercise. SELECTIVE LISTENING: This is when a person hears another but selects to not hear what is being said by choice or desire to hear some other message. This can take several forms and result in acting out in destructive ways. An example is to become passive agressive by prentending to hear and agree to what was said when actually your intent is to NOT act on the message, but make the other person think you will. Another form is to act on what you wanted to hear instead of what was said. Continued selective listening is one of the best ways to destroy a relationship. BEING A FIXER: A fixer is a person that tries to fix another persons faults, problems or personality by offering what worked for them or a friend in a similar situatuon. Fixers often cut off others in the middle of a conversation without hearing the whole story to offer their fix. People overall do not like to be fixed and most suggestions for a fix will be disregarded and may result in anger toward the fixer. Using You or We statements instead of I statements. I statements show ownership of what is being said. You statements are often a form of criticism. We statements often implies everyone within listening distance agrees with the statement which is not true. Its like you speaking for another person without their permission. Absolute Statements. These use such words as Never, always, forever, etc. and are often make a statement untrue. Use a less absolute word. Daydreaming. Letting your attention drift away. There are many causes of this and you can stop it by getting into the conversation and saying you are having a hard time staying with what is being said, without blaming. You may find out others are having the same difficulty and will do the same. Being right. This can take several forms. The most common is polite criticism of how a person speak or what they say or to insinuate that the person said it wrong. This can stop communication particularly with sensitive people. Many people have to learn how to communicate and can only do it by trying the way they know how. Derailing. (a form of avoidance) Changing the subject, or tell a joke, or point a finger at another person or try and turn a question around and back to the speaker. Name calling or belittling. This is hurtful and may make another feel foolish or stupid and they may exclude themselves from further conversation. Being the Reactor. On occasion, a person will attempt to get you to speak by trying to hook you to react. Swearing is a way of hooking some people. A good listener will continue to just listen and not react. This will often cause the person to stop trying to hook you if you keep it up long enough. How do people end up sending muddled messages? Often people tend to focus on problems like lack of listening, or inattention when discussing causes of poor communication, neglecting the fact that if a message is muddled or confused in the first place, no amount of attention or listening is going to unmuddle the initial message. People often send muddled messages information that is structured in such a way that the other person will have almost no chance of understanding it the way it was intended. For example, throwing too much at the other person so that he or she cant figure out the point is one way messages are muddled. Being unclear about one wants to say, and not taking the time to clarify to oneself before speaking, is another cause of muddledness. If you often find that people seem to misunderstand your intent or messages, particularly in face-to-face discussions, often look perplexed and often have to ask questions of you because they dont understand, start looking to the quality of the messages you send, and start slowing down and paying attention to what you say. The payoff can be enormous if you can unmuddle yourself. What is assumption of common meaning and why is it a problem? Some people believe that words mean the same thing for different people. After all, dont we have dictionaries so that people can have the same understanding of a word? This is a major problem in communication not realizing that language, any specific word, can have a different meaning for one person compared to another. Heres an example. You are talking to someone who is considering buying a pet. For you the word dog has very positive meaning, since you had dogs all through childhood. So, you suggest to the person that he might buy a dog for companionship. But does the word dog mean the same thing for the other person? That person may have been bitten by a large dog, when he was a child, and has developed a terror reaction to most dogs. For him, the meaning of the word dog (its connotative meaning) is completely different from yours. If you are oblivious to the idea that words carry different emotional meanings, you and the other person can never learn to understand each other. Even with seemingly straightforward word definitions, things arent simple and we cant assume that when one person uses the word liberal, for example, that they mean the same things as you might mean. For him, a liberal might mean a cowardly, crime coddling and socialistic thinking person, while for you, it might mean someone who believes that we should help those less fortunate. The more heated and emotionallly loaded the words we are using, the more important it is to first try to understand what the other person means from the words he or she uses. Many arguments and conflicts can be prevented by trying to understand first, then argue. What happens if I choose the wrong channel to communicate? If you choose the wrong channels that is if the channels are not effective for the type of message and meaning you want to create you are likely to create misunderstanding, and even end up worse off then if you had kept the message to yourself. Not only does using the wrong channels impede communication, but doing so can cause mistrust in others, particularly about your sincerity and commitment to them. Example: Lets say a departmental manager of 15 employees decides he wants to convey the message that he values their work and well-being. He has a number of ways and channels he can use to do this. He can walk around and talk face to face with his employees on a regular basis, wishing them good morning, and inquiring as to their welfare (thats one channel). He could send a memo out each morning wishing them good morning (thatd be another channel). Or he could send an email. The question is Which channel would be best for this message? Walking around and talking face to face is the most costly in terms of time and managerial commitment, while the other two are not costly. But consider the reaction of employees. How many employees will get the meaning the manager is trying to send, if the channel is an automated email? Worse, how many employees will question the managers commitment if he chooses an email channel to transmit a message that is clearly not suited to the channel? Thats just one example. The more emotionally loaded the message, the more thought has to The message is good, but the timing is oh so bad Why is timing so important? Timing is just one aspect of communicating with, influencing and being heard by your boss. Get heard by your boss by using the techniques outlined in Influencing Your Boss Getting Heard Helpcard. Free Preview. When you talk to someone, assuming youre like most people, you tend to focus on what you want to say. Theres some sense in this since you want to be clear and understandable. It is possible to phrase your message and meaning perfectly, yet have it rejected, ignored or otherwise demeaned. In many ways, timing IS everything in communication. For example, if you have a great idea you want to pitch to the boss, you may get a terrible reception one day, but if you chose another day, you might get a great reception. Clearly, people are more receptive at some times compared to other times. We tend to forget this. And then get upset when we dont get the reactions we want. Luckily improving timing in communication isnt difficult. It involves some conscious thought and curbing impulsiveness or even curbing your enthusiasm. Consider the other person state of mind, emotions, time schedule to assess whether its a good time to talk about a particular subject. Do this beforehand. During conversations, if you get unexpected negative reactions, think about whether its that the other person is simply not ready to hear what you have to say. Maybe its best to continue at another time. Timing is particularly important with emotional or tough conversations. Its always good to ask Id like to talk to you about [topic]. Is it a good time now? go into HOW to communicate it, and which channels to use. What is a leading question? A leading question is a specific kind of question that attempts to lead or manipulate the other person into answering the question the way the asker wants. Its intent is not to understand, but to manipulate. Many of us use leading questions without being conscious of either our intent, or how such use appears to the other person. For example, You dont really believe that is a leading question that clearly is designed to make a statement of opinion, rather than to engage in true inquiry. Leading questions are probably never advisable, since they are certain to create defensive, anger, and a feeling that you are trying to manipulate the other person. If you want to know, ask. If you want to make a statement, or put forth an opinion, dont use a question to try to disguise what you are doing. What is the Im Special Syndrome and How Does It Affect Communication? You think thats bad? When I was young I had to walk twelve miles uphill to school in the dead of winter, and then twelve miles uphill back home again. No doubt youve had the misfortune to have to talk to someone whos desire to present him or herself as special results in a contest to show whos the most disadvantaged or hard done by. At one end of the spectrum a person who believes and or is trying to portray himself as special tends to exaggerate his situations past and present, to show how difficult his life is or has been. At the other end of the spectrum the Im special person goes on and on about who he knows, what hes accomplished, and how good he his. Both approaches are driven by the same thing a sense of wanting to be special in ones own eyes, or the eyes of others. Ego. Its very difficult to have real conversations with such a person, because everything gets turned back to their situation, or their accomplishments, or their health maladies. If you have to deal with such a person, theres really no reasonable way to prevent them from hijacking every conversation for the purpose of appearing special. However, you can ensure that YOU dont get caught up in the Im special syndrome. Life isnt a competition, and communication isnt a war to find out whos best. When you behave this way, you will damage the relationships you are trying to build, and inevitably, when you try to appear special, all you end up doing is to appear to be selfish, self-centered and, in effect a bore. What is placating and how does it create barriers to communication? Placating involves giving in to the other persons postion or demands, even though you still are not comfortable, or happy with them. In essence it involves giving in. In addition placating language is language of giving in Ok, ok, whatever youd like, or I didnt mean it, really. People behave in placating ways and use placating language for a number of reasons. One is a desire to smooth over conflict with others, and the intent may, in fact be good, but the methods may not be. Often when you try to placate someone, you send a mixed meaning or message. You say It really does matter, and you also say, It doesnt matter. This is an incongruence that confuses the other person. So placating tends to obscure communication and understanding. If you are truly OK with giving in, then thats different since you probably wont create communication confusion, provided you explain why its OK. There are of course, other reasons why people go into placating mode, and you should reflect on your own motivations. Are you afraid of conflict? Are you afraid of the other person?

Mark Twain2 essays

Mark Twain2 essays It is indisputable that, during his many years of writing, Mark Twain established himself as a literary genius. It is also indisputable that the primary reason for his success as an author was his quick wit and sense of humor. During this nations time of political and social division, Twain wrote about many of the simpler things in life while always showing his humorist side. His brilliant comedic mind was especially unusual for any popular writer around during this rough time period in the nations history. Mark Twains humorist views and writings truly solidify him as the forefather of American humor. Unlike many writers of his time, Samuel Clemens, better known as his pen name, Mark Twain never secluded himself or slaved over a piece of work. He enjoyed playing billiards or sitting on his porch, smoking a pipe. He lived with his wife and three daughters, and did most of writing in his billiards room or on his bed. He lived a simple, casual life, which proved to encourage his laidback, humorist attitude. (Whipple, Sally) William Dean Howells once compared Twains lifestyle to the other famous writers of his time. Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, Holmes... they were like one another and like other literary men; but Clemens was sole, incomparable. (Twainweb) This being perhaps the best explanation for Twains unique humorist views, it is no doubt this lifestyle provided for his creative storytelling and successful career as an author. Mark Twain, a native of Missouri who lived most his childhood in poverty, began his career, surprisingly, as a steamboat pilot. This career path was soon to be interrupted by the Civil War, in which he served for the Confederate Army for two weeks before withdrawing. Already at this point in his life, Twain was showing his humorist side when he commented on this incident saying, ...it was my retirement from it that brought the crash. It left t...

Popular Recreation and Resistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Popular Recreation and Resistance - Essay Example The popular culture is usually observable in such area including clothing, cooking, sports and recreation and also consumption and entertainment. On recreation, we can view golf playing as a popular culture practiced by the rich in the society. Today cultural activities are segregated and there exist restrictions that are formal and also informal. Restrictions apply to those that are not part of that culture and may be tempted to join that culture. Some cultural activities are highly restricted by the laws of the society, an example is a beer drinking, beer drinking, for example, is prohibited in Saudi Arabia and there exist a law that will prosecute those found drinking beer. The drinking of beer, therefore, is a popular culture among the masses of many societies and this culture is proposed by the mass media through advertisements of these brands, the culture is restricted in some societies like Saudi Arabia formally. There also exist informal restrictions to cultural practices, these informal restrictions are those restrictions that do not exist in writing but are termed as norms in the society, and they do not exist in writing but are termed as rules governing behavior. These informal restrictions include the expected reaction by society, the society has informal ways in which to discourage behavior example a person doing wrong may be isolated by society, for example, the case where people have tattoos all over their body, this is a popular culture among the young but in some society the making of such decorations on the skin may lead to one being isolated and disown by the society.  Ã‚  

Teamwork And Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teamwork And Motivation - Essay Example The employers therefore face the uphill task that needs them to preserve the productivity and profitability that they have while trying their best to keep the employees that they have engaged and satisfied with their jobs. Researchers have been able to find that the social or cognitive construction view of job satisfaction deals with the effects of emotions on behavior of various kinds where the attitude that people have toward work can be associated with other perceptions about jobs such as the variety of tasks that constitute that job and the level of skills that are needed for one to be able to do that particular job. Therefore, it can be said that emotional responses may be of assistance in the determination of the reactions that the employees will have to the jobs that they are doing and the general theories of emotion might become useful in the effort to understand the attitudes that people have towards jobs (Furnham, 1992). Creating job satisfaction is therefore an endeavor that entails several steps so that in the end it can be achieved to make sure that the employees are motivated and this will be the first step in increasing the productivity. To start with, the working environment should be made to be positive where the factors that motivate the employees will be identified so that the working environment will cater for the needs of the workers. The employees of WooWoo will be entitled to discounts in the case that they need to purchase any thing that the company makes provided that they get it directly from the company. The company will also make sure that it organizes get-togethers were the management and the other employees can have the chance to interact and the views of the employees can be listened to and adjustments made if possible. The employees that have an exemplary performance at work and those that beat the deadlines that are set will be recognized through a program that will be aimed at identifying the employee of the

The Legal System and ADR Analysis Essay Example for Free

The Legal System and ADR Analysis Essay Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to any means of settling disputes outside of the courtroom. ADR typically includes early neutral evaluation, negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and arbitration. As burgeoning court queues, rising costs of litigation, and time delays continue to plague litigants, more states have begun experimenting with ADR programs. Some of these programs are voluntary; others are mandatory. While the two most common forms of ADR are arbitration and mediation, negotiation is almost always attempted first to resolve a dispute. It is the preeminent mode of dispute resolution. Negotiation allows the parties to meet in order to settle a dispute. The main advantage of this form of dispute settlement is that it allows the parties themselves to control the process and the solution. Mediation is also an informal alternative to litigation. Mediators are individuals trained in negotiations, who bring opposing parties together and attempt to work out a settlement or agreement that both parties accept or reject. Mediation is used for a wide gamut of case-types ranging from juvenile felonies to federal government negotiations with Native American Indian tribes. Mediation has also become a significant method for resolving disputes between investors and their stock brokers. Arbitration is a simplified version of a trial involving limited discovery and simplified rules of evidence. The arbitration is headed and decided by an arbitral panel. To comprise a panel, either both sides agree on one arbitrator, or each side selects one arbitrator and the two arbitrators elect the third. Arbitration hearings usually last between a few days to a  week, and the panel only meets for a few hours per day. The panel then deliberates and issues a written decision, or arbitral award. Opinions are not public record. Arbitration has long been used in labor, construction, and securities regulation, but is now gaining popularity in other business disputes. Title 9 of the U.S. Code establishes federal law supporting arbitration. It is based on Congresss plenary power over interstate commerce. Where Title 9 applies, its terms prevail over state law. There are, however, numerous state laws on ADR. Forty-nine states have adopted the 1956 version of the Uniform Arbitration Act as state law. The act was revised in 2000 and subsequently adopted by twelve states. The arbitration agreement and award is now enforceable under both state and federal law. In 1958, the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards was drafted to aid in the enforcement in domestic courts of awards granted in foreign countries. As of August 2007, there were 142 countries participating in the convention. In 1970, the United States joined the UN Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Reference Robbins, S. P. Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

The Doctor Who Saved Boston Essay -- Short Stories History Baseball Pa

The Doctor Who Saved Boston The memories of the Red Sox run to the 2004 World Series championship this year will remain in the minds of Sox fans forever. Whether it is David Ortiz’s walk off performances against the Angels and Yankees, Manny Ramirez’s tape measure home runs, or Derek Lowe winning the clinching games of all three playoff series, Red Sox nation will not soon forget the memories that the â€Å"bunch of idiots,† as centerfielder Johnny Damon dubbed this year’s Sox club,provided them, nor will they forget the Sox all out assault on baseball and Boston sports history. But of all the images the fans retain, of all the feelings they experienced, of all the heroes Sox nation put on an altar and worshipped - the most memorable has to be Curt Schilling pitching three games on an inured ankle, blood from broken sutures seeping through his sock and a look of obvious discomfort on his face, winning two, and capturing the heart’s of every member of Red Sox nation. But to understand the elation of the Nation and the reason that it has turned Curt Schilling into a God in the church that Cy Young, Ted Williams, and Carl Yaztremski built, we have to take a step back and remember the predicament that the Red Sox were in just over two months ago. It was October 12, and the Yankees had beaten the Red Sox in Game one of the ALCS. It was only one game, but that familiar feeling was back. That familiar feeling that Red sox fans have of doom and gloom lingering just over the horizon returned. Curt Schilling, the hired gun, the man who Sox management had brought in to beat the Yankees in just this situation, had not only lost the game, but looked utterly ineffective in doing so, allowing six runs in just three innings of work a... ... 55,000 people from New York shut up.† But in the end he was so much more than just a hired gun, he was a hero in real red socks. And he made more than 55,000 people from Boston stand up and applaud as he became the newest Red Sox player to be canonized in the church of Red Sox nation, alongside Yaz, the Kid, Pudge and Cy. And not to be forgotten is the man behind the scenes, the quiet and unassuming surgeon who made it all possible, Dr. William Morgan, whose name will be forever linked to Curt Schilling, the Red Sox and the 2004 World Series. He may not have thrown a pitch or swung a bat, but William Morgan saved the 2004 Boston Red Sox from being another team that just missed. And he saved Red Sox fans from finally having to utter those awful words – â€Å"wait ‘til next year.† But because of Bill Morgan and the entire Red Sox medical staff, next year is this year.

Leadership Principle of Jesus

Principles of Leadership What is leadership? Leadership is the ability to obtain followers. Leadership is influence. You are a leader to the extent that people are following you. Why is leadership important? Leadership is important because it influences the destiny of people. Leadership also determines, to a large extent, what a group of people will be able to achieve. Leadership moves people towards common goals, principles and values. Good leadership enables people to work together well, and realize their potential. Poor leadership frustrates both people and projects. Poor leadership results in people being hurt.Good leadership results in strong people and excellent results. These comments apply to every area of life and human endeavour. Who Can be a Leader? Anyone who can act can be a leader – however, some have greater leadership potential than others essay writer pay. Not everyone can be a great leader, but everyone can be a better leader. The multiplication of leadership is the key to the multiplication of a movement. The communists knew this, and had as a motto, â€Å"Every communist a leader†. People have different personality types and styles of relating. Being a leader does not depend on having a particular personality type or style of relating.Neither does leadership exclusively depend on having a particular technical ability or giftedness. A good leader without certain skills or gifts can lead people possessing those abilities. A great leader can gather around them others who are very gifted and capable in particular areas. Both men and women can lead, although it is a fact that there are more male leaders in the world than female, and this will probably continue into the next century also. On the other hand, for every man that ever was, there was a mother, and the leadership influence of mothers over their own children can hardly be over-estimated.How Does Leadership Happen? Leadership happens in two ways. The most common way is that a faithful follower is promoted to a greater position of influence within an organisation, and thereby takes responsibility to lead people in their group or division. The other way leadership happens is when an individual gets passionately interested in doing something, starts doing it alone, and finds others who want to join in. A leader must lead. There is no leadership without action. There must be both action and communication. What Qualities make a Better Leader?A good leader leads by example. The greatest authority in leadership is reserved for those who have have done themselves the things they seek to motivate others to do. A positive attitude is very important. Leadership is not possible without advocating something. Criticism of others behind their backs is not leadership. A leader must show a better way, mostly by example. People what to be part of a winning team. A good leader must be positive even in the face of setbacks, so that people will not be discouraged and give up. This requires the quality of steadfastness and endurance.A good leader is self-disciplined. A good leader can sacrifice his or her present comfort for future benefits, and in this way inspires others to do the same. A good leader manages his or her time well. A good leader knows and studies people. A good leader is a good listener, and also observes the body language and non-verbal communication of others. A good leader waits before speaking, and does not promise quickly. A good leader is in touch with the needs, hopes, aspirations and desires of others. A good leader considers others, and seeks to do things that benefit everyone involved.A good leader is prepared to change and skilled in preparing others to embrace change. A good leader encourages dissatisfied people in the organisation to work together to find a solution. A good leader is willing to learn from others. A good leader also invests considerable time in self-education – by reading books, listening to tapes o r attending seminars. A good leader has personal integrity and works hard to develop this quality. Integrity means keeping one's word, and dealing truly with others. People do not like being let down by the broken promises of those in authority over them.A good leader will avoid resorting to tactics of manipulation. A good leader is highly motivated to achieve results, and therefore diligent. A good leader nevertheless is patient and slow to anger. A good leader is faithful to others and inspires loyalty and team spirit in his or her followers. A good leader enjoys other people and doesn't overly dwell on their weaknesses. A good leader invests in others and empowers others to achieve and to become leaders themselves, without being threatened. A good leader seeks models the attitude and practice of service towards others.Biblical Examples of Leadership Jesus Christ modelled all of the above characteristics. In seeking to lead people to God the Father, Jesus himself demonstrated the power of a relationship with God through prayer. He modelled faith for his disciples to observe, showing to them and later declaring to them the power of faith (see Mark 11:22-24). Jesus modelled love, self-discipline, integrity and righteousness. Not even his enemies could convict him of sin. They could only point out where he violated their own traditions and interpretations – such as his healing of people on the Sabbath.Jesus ultimately gave His life for his followers. The great miracle was that He got in back through his resurrection from the dead. Jesus was positive and cheerful. He said to his disciples, â€Å"that my joy may be in you, and your joy may be complete†. Even though he had many things to correct, he did so in a wise way. Jesus believed that his work would be accomplished, and entrusted part of it to his disciples, whom he trained. Later he left his disciples the task of reaching the world. Jesus was self-disciplined. He often prayed through the night . Once He fasted forty days.All these things were preparation for His ministry. Jesus could perceive the inner thoughts of others, even his enemies. He knew things about his disciples, even beyond what a man could know through the power of observation alone. Jesus did not waste His words. Jesus gave himself to serve the needs of the people by healing their sick, feeding them when they were hungry, giving them a true hope concerning the kingdom of God, and setting them free from evil, sin and demons by the power of His Word and the Holy Spirit. Jesus made disciples and developed others who could continue His ministry after He left the earth.Jesus demonstrated both nobility and compassion in his dealings with people. Multitudes followed him, yet he invested in relatively few so that the quality of his mission could continue for longer. Jesus demonstrated a humility and servant attitude that is unparalleled, considering his divine origin. Many other things could be pointed out from the life of Jesus that illustrate leadership. It is true that Jesus' style of leadership was and is very different to much of the leadership of today. Yet His life has produced enduring moral results which have lifted so many to a better life and some to life eternal.

Mikhail Gorbachev The Last General Secretary of the Soviet Union

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last General Secretary of the Soviet Union. He brought about massive economic, social, and political changes and helped bring an end to both the Soviet Union and the Cold War. Dates: March 2, 1931 —Also Known As: Gorby, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev Gorbachevs Childhood Mikhail Gorbachev was born in the small village of Privolnoye (in the Stavropol Territory) to Sergei and Maria Panteleyvna Gorbachev. His parents and his grandparents had all been peasant farmers before Joseph Stalins collectivization program. With all farms owned by the government, Gorbachevs father went to work as a driver of a combine-harvester. Gorbachev was ten years old when the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. His father was drafted into the Soviet military and Gorbachev spent four years living in a war-torn country. (Gorbachevs father survived the war.) Gorbachev was an excellent student in school and worked hard helping his father with the combine after school and during the summers. At age 14, Gorbachev joined the Komsomol (the Communist League of Youth) and became an active member. College, Marriage, and the Communist Party Rather than attend a local university, Gorbachev applied to the prestigious Moscow State University and was accepted. In 1950, Gorbachev traveled to Moscow to study law. It was at college where Gorbachev perfected his speaking and debating skills, which became a major asset to his political career. While at college, Gorbachev became a full member of the Communist Party in 1952. Also at college, Gorbachev met and fell in love with Raisa Titorenko, who was another student at the university. In 1953, the two married and in 1957 their only child was born - a daughter named Irina. The Beginning of Gorbachevs Political Career After Gorbachev graduated, he and Raisa moved back to the Stavropol Territory where Gorbachev got a job with the Komsomol in 1955. In Stavropol, Gorbachev quickly rose up in the ranks of the Komsomol and then obtained a position in the Communist Party. Gorbachev received promotion after promotion until in 1970 he reached the highest position in the territory, first secretary. Gorbachev in National Politics In 1978, Gorbachev, age 47, was appointed as the secretary of agriculture on the Central Committee. This new position brought Gorbachev and Raisa back to Moscow and thrust Gorbachev into national politics. Once again, Gorbachev quickly rose up in the ranks and by 1980, he had become the youngest member of the Politburo (the executive committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union). Having worked closely with General Secretary Yuri Andropov, Gorbachev felt that he was ready to become General Secretary. However, when Andropov died in office, Gorbachev lost the bid for office to Konstantin Chernenko. But when Chernenko died in office just 13 months later, Gorbachev, only 54 years old, became the leader of the Soviet Union. General Secretary Gorbachev Presents Reforms On March 11, 1985, Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Strongly believing that the Soviet Union needed massive liberalization in order to revitalize both the Soviet economy and society, Gorbachev immediately began implementing reforms. He shocked many Soviet citizens when he announced the ability for citizens to freely voice their opinions (glasnost) and the need to entirely restructure the Soviet Unions economy (perestroika). Gorbachev also opened the door to allow Soviet citizens to travel, cracked down on alcohol abuse, and pushed for the use of computers and technology. He also released many political prisoners. Gorbachev Ends Arms Race For decades, the United States and the Soviet Union had  been competing with each other over who could amass the largest, most lethal cache of nuclear weapons. As the United States was developing the new Star Wars program, Gorbachev realized that the Soviet Unions economy was seriously suffering from the excessive spending on nuclear weapons. To end the arms race, Gorbachev met several times with U.S. President Ronald Reagan. At first, the meetings stagnated because trust between the two countries had been missing since the end of World War II. Eventually, however, Gorbachev and Reagan were able to work out a deal where not only would their countries stop making new nuclear weapons, but they would actually eliminate many that they had accumulated. Resignation Although Gorbachevs economic, social, and political reforms, as well as his warm, honest, friendly, open demeanor, won him accolades from around the world, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990, he was criticized by many within the Soviet Union. For some, his reforms had been too big and too fast; for others, his reforms had been too small and too slow. Most importantly, however, was that Gorbachevs reforms did not revitalize the Soviet Unions economy. On the contrary, the economy took a severe downturn. The failing Soviet economy, the ability of citizens to criticize, and the new political freedoms all weakened the power of the Soviet Union. Soon, many Eastern bloc countries abandoned Communism and many republics within the Soviet Union demanded independence. With the falling of the Soviet empire, Gorbachev helped establish a new system of government, including the establishment of a president and the end of the Communist Partys monopoly as a political party. However, for many, Gorbachev was going too far. From August 19-21, 1991, a group of hard-liners of the Communist Party attempted a coup and put Gorbachev under house arrest. The unsuccessful coup proved the end of both the Communist Party and the Soviet Union. Facing pressures from other groups who wanted more democratization, Gorbachev resigned his post as president of the Soviet Union on Dec. 25, 1991, a day before the Soviet Union officially dissolved. Life After the Cold War In the two decades since his resignation, Gorbachev has remained active. In January 1992, he established and became president of the Gorbachev Foundation, which analyzes the changing social, economic, and political changes happening in Russia and works to promote humanistic ideals. In 1993, Gorbachev founded and became president of the environmental organization called Green Cross International. In 1996, Gorbachev did make one final bid for the presidency of Russia, but he only received a little over one percent of the vote.